Standard Grade English Essay Example for Free

Standard association English EssayThis revision looks more closely at the second purpose of writing which is examined in Standard Grade English to deploy ideas and argue. This means that you be anticipate to discuss a recalln topic and to present an argument related to it.Organising a discursive examineThere are three basic structures (ways of organising) for the discursive shew * you argue strongly for a given discussion topic* you argue strongly against a given discussion topic* you argue approximately a given discussion topic in a balanced way. Ideally, you should read these over (and cut any(prenominal) accompanying tasks)before you attempt the stress bite. Good luck Finding information for a discursive essayIn the aforementioned(prenominal) way as you would look for information for the informative essay, you could try the following areas for information which would support arguments in the discursive essay * any relevant books from any library you fuel reach (check the non-fiction and reference sections)* the internet* magazines and newspapers* television and video* mums and dads and br some others and sisters and uncles* and aunts and friends . . . . . . It is important that you keep a note of where all your information comes from. This testament allow you to check it again later, and exit overly allow you to complete the Sources consulted section on the folio tag.Other pointsIf you choose to do the discursive essay remember that you are expected to rush a personal opinion try to make clear your personal interest in the issues you are offering for discussion Remember, in the interrogation itself, you will not be able to access information, nor take in notes of any description (you wont know whats in the paper anyway). So, the ideas about access to all of the above sources apply mainly to the completion of discursive essays for your folio.Planning a discursive essayThe following basic structure should be employed for writing this essay.* Provide an interesting introduction.* Provide a clear indication of your position, your stance in relation to the topic (are you for or against ?). * Present your number one argument, with supporting evidence. * Present your second argument, with supporting evidence. * Present your third argument, with supporting evidence. * Present your fourth argument, with supporting evidence, and so on (the number of divides like this will depend on the number of arguments you flush toilet offer). * Indicate, in a single paragraph, that there is another side to this argument, with some idea of the points likely to be do for the view(s) which are opposite to your own. * Reite step (state again) your position and conclude your essay. This plan is followed in the exemplar essay provided in this revision bite.Introducing a discursive essayThe possibleness of an essay is important. It should capture the readers attention in some way or another. It should avoid being bland or dull. It sho uld invite the reader to read on and create a sense of interest. If the beginning is flat, it will not inspire your audience.Methods of Opening a Discursive EssayThe following methods are suggestions. It is up to you to ensconce which style suits your writing best.Provocativee.g.It is difficult to see how anyone bay window approve of fox hunting.Balancede.g.Fox hunting is a correction about which people generate strongly contrasting views.Quotatione.g.Oscar Wilde once described fox hunting as The unspeakable in pursuit of the uneatable..Illustratione.g.On a glorious free fall morning a terrified, exhausted animal is savaged to death by a pack of baying dogs go a group of expensively dressed humans get ahead the dogs in their bloody work.Anecdotee.g.I have always detested fox hunting since I was almost physically sick while watching a television film of the kill at the end of a hunt.Linking ideas in a discursive essayAny well-written piece of discursive writing will flow as on e continuous piece despite being made up of three or four different arguments. One of the techniques which discount help you to achieve this effectively is the engage of interrelateing words. These words are usually used at the beginning of a new paragraph but can also be used to link ideas within a paragraph.Same line of thoughte.g. and, firstly, secondly etc., next, furthermore, likewise, in addition, similarly, also, moreover.Conclusion/summarye.g. thus, therefore, consequently, accordingly, in retrospect, hence, in conclusion, in brief, as a result.Definite statemente.g. without question, without doubt, unquestionably, absolutely. Contrasting ideae.g. yet, on the other hand, nevertheless, however, although, conversely, otherwise, on the contrary.Further examplesbecause, for instance, since, for example, so that, despite the fact that, accordingly, although, if, though, unless. prescribed tone in a discursive essayIt is important when you write a discursive essay to write in a proper dress way. You should not use an informal style to write a discursive essay. In simple terms, this means the following Do Do not useWrite in proper, complete sentences Abbreviations (i.e./e.g./etc./UK/) Use complete words and expressions Contractions (isnt/dont/wont) Use proper, standard English Slang (e.g. bloke/geezer etc) Colloquial language (mate/ red etc.)On a slightly different note, you should also try to make sure that you use a decent standard of vocabulary in any formal essay you write. In particular, try to avoid weak vocabulary such as get, got and getting. Relying on this level of vocabulary too often suggests that your place of expression is weak. Build up your word power Discursive essay exampleIn this page, you will concentrate on one discursive essay structure. Below you will find an example discursive essay. Read the essay over carefully. Study it and work out how it has been written.Reading the essayWhilst reading the essay, trade the following que stions, writing down your ideas * what is the main idea the writer is arguing about?* each paragraph has a sub-topic which contributes to the essays main topic what does each paragraph contribute to the argument? * what evidence does the writer offer to support the arguments? * which of the three suggested structures identified earlier does the writer adopt in this essay? * does the writer link ideas clearly in the essay?* You will probably want to read the essay over twice to help you answer these questions. 1 A subject which always arouses strong feelings on both sides of the argument is the use of animals in medical research. I believe that, though this may have been necessary in the past, other ways can be developed to test drugs and, in the future, animals should not be used. 2 One of my main reasons for saying this is that living tissues can be grown in test tubes and new drugs can be tested on these. Computers can also be programmed to manoeuver how medicines will oppose in the human body. 3 Moreover, animals are not always like humans. They do not suffer from all human diseases, so scientists have to give them the illnesses artificially. The joints in rabbit legs are inflamed with chemics to help research in rheumatism.These tests do not always work because animals do not react to drugs in the same way as humans. Aspirin, for example, damages pregnant mice and dogs, but not pregnant women. Arsenic, which is a deadly poison for humans, has no effect on sheep, while penicillin, which is so valuable to humans, kills guinea pigs. 4 In addition, I believe that animal experiments should not be used because of the unnecessary pain that they cause to animals. The organisation introduced new rules about the use of animals in experiments in 1986. Scientists claim that these rules safeguard animals because they state that discomfort moldiness be kept to a minimum and that painkillers must be used where necessary and appropriate.Surely this means, however, t hat scientists can still decide not to use painkillers in the animal experiments because they do not consider them appropriate. The British Union against Vivisection claims that 75% of animals experimented on are given no anaesthetic. 5 In spite of the claims of some scientists about the effectiveness of animal research, the death rate in this country has stayed the same over the last thirty years. There is also more long-term sickness, even though greater numbers of animals are being used in research.6 On the other hand, scientists claim that some experiments are so small, for example giving an injection, that painkillers are not needed. They also argue that experiments on animals have been very useful in the past. For instance, the lives of ten million human diabetics have been saved because of experiments with insulin on dogs. Dogs also benefited, as the same drug can be used on them. In fact, a third of medicines used by vets are the same as those used by doctors. 7 It is argued by researchers that the use of animals in experiments cannot be replaced by methods using living tissue which has been grown in test tubes. These tests do not show how the drugs work on whole animals and so they only have limited effectiveness.8 Although I accept that some drugs can be used on animals and humans, this does not mean that they have to be tested on animals in the first place when alternative methods are available. Alternative methods do work. Various groups have been set up to put money into other ways of researching. For example the Dr. Hadwen Trust has shown how human cartilage can be grown in test tubes to study rheumatism.Similar research is being done into cancer and multiple sclerosis. Tests can be done on bacteria to see whether a chemical will cause cancer. There is even a programme of volunteer human researchers, where people suffering from illnesses offer to help in research. 9 In conclusion, I accept that animal experiments have brought great benefits in th e past, but now money needs to be spent on developing other methods of testing drugs and medical procedures, so that the use of animals can be phased out altogether.